已經(jīng)分別介紹了LVS基礎(chǔ)知識和Heartbeat基礎(chǔ)知識, 今天這里簡單說下LVS+Heartbeat實現(xiàn)高可用web集群方案的操作說明.

Heartbeat 項目是 Linux-HA 工程的一個組成部分，它實現(xiàn)了一個高可用集群系統(tǒng)。心跳服務(wù)和集群通信是高可用集群的兩個關(guān)鍵組件，在 Heartbeat 項目里，由 heartbeat 模塊實現(xiàn)了這兩個功能。

Heartbeat的高可用集群采用的通信方式是udp協(xié)議和串口通信，而且heartbeat插件技術(shù)實現(xiàn)了集群間的串口、多播、廣播和組播通信。它實現(xiàn)了HA 功能中的核心功能——心跳，將Heartbeat軟件同時安裝在兩臺服務(wù)器上，用于監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)，協(xié)調(diào)主從服務(wù)器的工作，維護(hù)系統(tǒng)的可用性。它能偵測服務(wù)器應(yīng)用級系統(tǒng)軟件、硬件發(fā)生的故障，及時地進(jìn)行錯誤隔絕、恢復(fù)；通過系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控、服務(wù)監(jiān)控、IP自動遷移等技術(shù)實現(xiàn)在整個應(yīng)用中無單點故障，簡單、經(jīng)濟地確保重要的服務(wù)持續(xù)高可用性。  Heartbeat采用虛擬IP地址映射技術(shù)實現(xiàn)主從服務(wù)器的切換對客戶端透明的功能。但是單一的heartbeat是無法提供健壯的服務(wù)的，所以這里結(jié)合使用lvs進(jìn)行負(fù)載均衡。

LVS是Linux Virtual Server的簡寫, 意即Linux虛擬服務(wù)器，是一個虛擬的服務(wù)器集群系統(tǒng)。說到lvs就得提到ipvs (ipvsadm命令)，ipvs 是 lvs集群系統(tǒng)的核心軟件,它的主要作用是安裝在 Load Balancer 上,把發(fā)往 Virtual IP 的請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到 Real Server 上。

ldirectord是配合lvs作為一種健康檢測機制，要不負(fù)載均衡器在節(jié)點掛掉后依然沒有檢測的功能。

案例架構(gòu)草圖如下:

1) 基本環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備 (CentOS6.9系統(tǒng))

172.16.60.206(eth0)    HA主節(jié)點(ha-master)      heartbeat, ipvsadm, ldirectord
172.16.60.207(eth0)    HA備節(jié)點(ha-slave)        heartbeat, ipvsadm, ldirectord
172.16.60.111          VIP地址
172.16.60.204(eth0)    后端節(jié)點1(rs-204)        nginx, realserver
172.16.60.205(eth0)    后端節(jié)點2(rs-205)        nginx, realserver
 
1) 關(guān)閉防火墻和selinux (四臺節(jié)點機都操作)
[root@ha-master ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
[root@ha-master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@ha-master ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
 
2) 設(shè)置主機名和綁定hosts (兩臺HA節(jié)點機器都操作)
主節(jié)點操作
[root@ha-master ~]# hostname ha-master
[root@ha-master ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=ha-master
[root@ha-master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
172.16.60.206 ha-master
172.16.60.207 ha-slave
 
備節(jié)點操作
[root@ha-slave ~]# hostname ha-slave
[root@ha-slave ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=ha-slave
[root@ha-slave ~]# vim /etc/hosts
172.16.60.206 ha-master
172.16.60.207 ha-slave
 
3) 設(shè)置ip路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能 (四臺節(jié)點機器都設(shè)置)
[root@ha-master ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
[root@ha-master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@ha-master ~]# sysctl -p

2) 安裝配置 Heartbeat  (兩臺HA節(jié)點機都操作)

1) 首先安裝heartbeat (HA主備兩個節(jié)點都要同樣操作)
分別下載epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm 和 ldirectord-3.9.5-3.1.x86_64.rpm
下載地址:　https://pan.baidu.com/s/1IvCDEFLCBYddalV89YvonQ
提取密碼:　gz53
 
[root@ha-master ~]# ll epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
-rw-rw-r– 1 root root 14540 Nov  5  2012 epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
[root@ha-master ~]# ll ldirectord-3.9.5-3.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r– 1 root root 90140 Dec 24 15:54 ldirectord-3.9.5-3.1.x86_64.rpm
 
[root@ha-master ~]# yum install -y epel-release
[root@ha-master ~]# rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm –force
[root@ha-master ~]# yum install -y heartbeat* libnet
[root@ha-master ~]# yum install -y ldirectord-3.9.5-3.1.x86_64.rpm      ＃因為依賴比較多，　所以直接采用yum方式安裝
 
2) 配置heartbeat (HA主備兩個節(jié)點都要操作)
安裝完heartbeat后系統(tǒng)會生成一個/etc/ha.d/目錄，此目錄用于存放heartbeat的有關(guān)配置文件。
Heartbeat自帶配置文件的注釋信息較多，在此手工編寫有關(guān)配置文件，heartbeat常用配置文件有四個，分別是：
ha.cf：heartbeat主配置文件
ldirectord.cf：資源管理文件
haresources：本地資源文件
authkeys：認(rèn)證文件
 
[root@ha-master ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/
[root@ha-master heartbeat-3.0.4]# cp authkeys ha.cf haresources /etc/ha.d/
 
[root@ha-master heartbeat-3.0.4]# cd /usr/share/doc/ldirectord-3.9.5
[root@ha-master ldirectord-3.9.5]# cp ldirectord.cf /etc/ha.d/
[root@ha-master ldirectord-3.9.5]# cd /etc/ha.d/
[root@ha-master ha.d]# ll
total 56
-rw-r–r– 1 root root  645 Dec 24 21:37 authkeys
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 10502 Dec 24 21:37 ha.cf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  745 Dec  3  2013 harc
-rw-r–r– 1 root root  5905 Dec 24 21:37 haresources
-rw-r–r– 1 root root  8301 Dec 24 21:38 ldirectord.cf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 24 21:28 rc.d
-rw-r–r– 1 root root  692 Dec  3  2013 README.config
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 24 21:28 resource.d
-rw-r–r– 1 root root  2082 Mar 24  2017 shellfuncs
 
3) 配置heartbeat的主配置文件ha.cf  （HA主備節(jié)點配置一樣）
[root@ha-master ha.d]# pwd
/etc/ha.d
[root@ha-master ha.d]# cp ha.cf ha.cf.bak
[root@ha-master ha.d]# > ha.cf
[root@ha-master ha.d]# vim ha.cf
debugfile /var/log/ha-debug
logfile /var/log/ha-log        #日志存放位置
#crm yes                            #是否開啟集群資源管理功能
logfacility        local0        #記錄日志等級
keepalive 2                        #心跳的時間間隔，默認(rèn)時間單位為秒
deadtime 5                        #超出該時間間隔未收到對方節(jié)點的心跳，則認(rèn)為對方已經(jīng)死亡。
warntime 3                        #超出該時間間隔未收到對方節(jié)點的心跳，則發(fā)出警告并記錄到日志中，但此時不會切換
initdead 10          #在某些系統(tǒng)上，系統(tǒng)啟動或重啟之后需要經(jīng)過一段時間網(wǎng)絡(luò)才能正常工作，該選項用于解決這種情況產(chǎn)生的時間間隔。取值至少為deadtime的兩倍。
udpport  694        #設(shè)置廣播通信使用的端口，694為默認(rèn)使用的端口號。
bcast        eth0              # Linux指定心跳使用以太網(wǎng)廣播方式，并在eth0上進(jìn)行廣播。”#”后的要完全刪除，要不然要出錯。
ucast eth0 172.16.60.207      #采用網(wǎng)卡eth0的UDP多播來組織心跳，后面跟的IP地址應(yīng)該為雙機中對方的IP地址!!!!!
auto_failback on            #在該選項設(shè)為on的情況下，一旦主節(jié)點恢復(fù)運行，則自動獲取資源并取代備用節(jié)點。off主節(jié)點恢復(fù)后變?yōu)閭溆霉?jié)點，備用為主節(jié)點!!!!!
#stonith_host *    baytech 10.0.0.3 mylogin mysecretpassword
#stonith_host ken3  rps10 /dev/ttyS1 kathy 0
#stonith_host kathy rps10 /dev/ttyS1 ken3 0
#watchdog /dev/watchdog       
node  ha-master          #主機節(jié)點名，可通過”uname -n”查看，默認(rèn)為主節(jié)點!!!!!
node  ha-slave              #備用機節(jié)點名，默認(rèn)為次節(jié)點，要注意順序!!!!
#ping 172.16.60.207        # 選擇ping節(jié)點，選擇固定路由作為節(jié)點。ping節(jié)點僅用來測試網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接。一般選擇這行ping測試就行, 下面一行注釋掉.
ping_group group1 172.16.60.204 172.16.60.205    #這個地址并不是雙機中的兩個節(jié)點地址，而是僅僅用來測試網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性. 當(dāng)這兩個IP 都不能ping通時，對方即開始接管資源。
respawn root /usr/lib64/heartbeat/ipfail                    #選配項。其中rootr表示啟動ipfail進(jìn)程的身份。要確保/usr/lib64/heartbeat/ipfail這個路徑正確(可以用find命令搜索出來), 否則heartbeat啟動失敗
apiauth ipfail gid=root uid=root
 
============================溫馨提示================================
HA備節(jié)點的ha.cf文件只需要將上面配置中的ucast一行內(nèi)容改為”ucast eth0 172.16.60.206″ 即可, 其他配置內(nèi)容和上面HA主節(jié)點的ha.cf完全一樣!
 
4) 配置heartbeat的認(rèn)證文件authkeys （HA主備節(jié)點配置必須一致）
[root@ha-master ~]# cd /etc/ha.d/
[root@ha-master ha.d]# cp authkeys authkeys.bak
[root@ha-master ha.d]# >authkeys
auth 3                                                      #auth后面指定的數(shù)字，下一行必須作為關(guān)鍵字再次出現(xiàn)! 一共有”1″, “2”,”3″ 三行, 這里選擇”3″關(guān)鍵字, 選擇”1″和”2″關(guān)鍵字也行, HA主備節(jié)點必須一致!
#1 crc
#2 sha1 HI!
3 md5 Hello!
 
必須將該文件授權(quán)為600
[root@ha-master ha.d]# chmod 600 authkeys
[root@ha-master ha.d]# ll authkeys
-rw——- 1 root root 20 Dec 25 00:16 authkeys
 
5) 修改heartbeat的資源文件haresources (HA主備節(jié)點配置必須完全一致)
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# cp haresources haresources.bak
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# >haresources
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# vim haresources          # 在文件結(jié)尾添加下面一行內(nèi)容. 由于該文件默認(rèn)全是注釋,可以先清空該文件, 然后添加下面這一行內(nèi)容
ha-master IPaddr::172.16.60.111 ipvsadm ldirectord     
 
配置說明:
上面設(shè)置ha-maser為主節(jié)點, 集群VIP為172.16.60.111, ipvsadm ldirectord為所指定需要監(jiān)視的應(yīng)用服務(wù).
這樣啟動heartbeat服務(wù)的時候, 會自動啟動ipvsadm和ldirectord服務(wù).
ipvsadm服務(wù)的配置文件為/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm, 后面會配置這個.
ldirectord 服務(wù)的配置文件為/etc/ha.d/ldirectord.cf, 后面會配置這個
 
6) 配置heartbeat的監(jiān)控文件ldirectord.cf (HA主備節(jié)點配置必須完全一致)
ldirectord，用于監(jiān)控在lvs集群的真實服務(wù)。ldirectord是和heartbeat相結(jié)合的一個服務(wù)，可以作為heartbeat的一個啟動服務(wù)。
Ldirectord 的作用是監(jiān)測 Real Server，當(dāng) Real Server失效時，把它從 Load Balancer列表中刪除，恢復(fù)時重新添加。
將ldrectord的配置文件復(fù)制到/etc/ha.d下，因為默認(rèn)沒有放到這個路徑下, 并且在ldirectord.cf文件中要配置”quiescent=no” 。
 
[root@ha-master ha.d]# cp ldirectord.cf ldirectord.cf.bak
[root@ha-master ha.d]# vim ldirectord.cf
checktimeout=3      #判定realserver出錯時間
checkinterval=1      #指定ldirectord在兩次檢查之間的間隔時間,即主從切換的時間間隔
autoreload=yes      #是否自動重載配置文件
logfile=”/var/log/ldirectord.log”    #指定ldirectord的日志文件路徑
#logfile=”local0″
#emailalert=”root@30920.cn”
#emailalertfreq=3600
#emailalertstatus=all
quiescent=no        #如果一個realserver節(jié)點在checktimeout設(shè)置的時間周期內(nèi)沒響應(yīng)，將會被踢除，中斷現(xiàn)有客戶端的連接。 設(shè)置為yes, 則出問題的realserver節(jié)點不會被踢出, 只是新的連接不能到達(dá)。
 
virtual=172.16.60.111:80    #指定虛擬IP，注意在virtual這行后面的行必須縮進(jìn)一個tab字符進(jìn)行標(biāo)記!! 否則極有可能因為格式配置不正確而導(dǎo)致ldirectord啟動失敗
        real=172.16.60.204:80 gate  #gate為lvs的DR模式，ipip表示TUNL模式，masq表示NAT模式
        real=172.16.60.205:80 gate  #當(dāng)所有RS機器不能訪問的時候WEB重寫向地址; 即表示realserver全部失敗，vip指向本機80端口
        fallback=127.0.0.1:80 gate    #指定服務(wù)類型，這里對HTTP進(jìn)行負(fù)載均衡
        service=http        #指定服務(wù)類型，這里對HTTP進(jìn)行負(fù)載均衡
        scheduler=wlc      #指定調(diào)度算法，這里的算法一定要和lvs腳本(/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm)的算法一樣
        persistent=600    #持久鏈接：表示600s之內(nèi)同一個客戶端ip將訪問同一臺realserver. 除非這個realserver出現(xiàn)故障,才會將請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到另一個realserver
        #netmask=255.255.255.255
        protocol=tcp          # 指定協(xié)議
        checktype=negotiate  #指定檢查類型為協(xié)商 (或者執(zhí)行檢查類型為negotiate, 表示通過交互來判斷服務(wù)是否正常)
        checkport=80        # 監(jiān)控的端口
        request=”lvs_testpage.html”  #請求監(jiān)控地址, 這個文件一定要放到后端realserver監(jiān)控端口的根目錄下, 即放到兩臺realserver的nginx根目錄下 
        receive=”Test HA Page”      #指定請求和應(yīng)答字符串，也就是上面lvs_testpage.html的內(nèi)容
        #virtualhost=www.x.y.z      #虛擬服務(wù)器的名稱可任意指定
 
============================溫馨提示======================================
配置如上，通過virtual來定義vip，接下來是定義real service的節(jié)點，fallback是當(dāng)所有real掛掉后，訪問請求到本機的80端口上去，一般這個頁面顯示服務(wù)器正在維護(hù)等界面。
service表示；調(diào)度的服務(wù)，scheduler是調(diào)度算法，protocol是定義協(xié)議，checktype是檢查類型為協(xié)商，checkport就是檢查的端口，也就是健康檢查。
 
上面在/etc/ha.d/ldirectord.cf文件里定義了一個80端口的代理轉(zhuǎn)發(fā), 如果還有其他端口, 比如3306,
 則只需要在下面再添加一個”virtual=172.16.60.111:3306 ….”類似上面的配置即可! 配置案例在備份的ldirectord.cf.bak文件里有.
 
ldirectord.cf文件的配置, 最好按照這個文件里的配置范例去修改, 不要全部清空后自行添加, 否則容易因為配置格式問題導(dǎo)致ldirectord服務(wù)啟動失敗!
 
使用status查看ldirectord服務(wù), 只要不出現(xiàn)報錯信息, 就說明ldirectord.cf文件配置沒有問題了!
[root@ha-master ha.d]# /etc/init.d/ldirectord status

3) 安裝配置 LVS  (兩臺HA節(jié)點機操作一致)

1) 安裝lvs依賴
[root@ha-master ~]# yum install -y libnl* popt*
 
查看是否加載lvs模塊
[root@ha-master ~]# modprobe -l |grep ipvs
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_rr.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_wrr.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_lc.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_wlc.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_lblc.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_lblcr.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_dh.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_sh.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_sed.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_nq.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_ftp.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_pe_sip.ko
 
2) 下載并安裝LVS
[root@ha-master ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@ha-master src]# unlink /usr/src/linux
[root@ha-master src]# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
[root@ha-master src]# wget http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
[root@ha-master src]# tar -zvxf ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
[root@ha-master src]# cd ipvsadm-1.26
[root@ha-master ipvsadm-1.26]# make && make install
 
LVS安裝完成，查看當(dāng)前LVS集群
[root@ha-master ipvsadm-1.26]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
 
3) 添加lvs的管理腳本(ipvsadm)
ipvsadm服務(wù)的配置文件是/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm
[root@ha-master ha.d]# vim /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm
#!/bin/bash
# description: start LVS of DirectorServer
#Written by :NetSeek http://www.linuxtone.org
GW=172.16.60.1                                  #這個是VIP所在網(wǎng)段的網(wǎng)段地址
 
# website director vip.
WEB_VIP=172.16.60.111 
WEB_RIP1=172.16.60.204
WEB_RIP2=172.16.60.205
 
 
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
 
logger $0 called with $1
 
case “$1” in
 
start)
        # Clear all iptables rules.
        /sbin/iptables -F
        # Reset iptables counters.
        /sbin/iptables -Z
        # Clear all ipvsadm rules/services.
        /sbin/ipvsadm -C
 
 #set lvs vip for dr
        /sbin/ipvsadm –set 30 5 60
        /sbin/ifconfig eth0:0 $WEB_VIP broadcast $WEB_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up
        /sbin/route add -host $WEB_VIP dev eth0:0
                /sbin/ipvsadm -A -t $WEB_VIP:80 -s wlc -p 600
                /sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $WEB_VIP:80 -r $WEB_RIP1:80 -g
                /sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $WEB_VIP:80 -r $WEB_RIP2:80 -g
 
        touch /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm >/dev/null 2>&1
         
        # set Arp
                /sbin/arping -I eth0 -c 5 -s $WEB_VIP $GW >/dev/null 2>&1 
      ;;
stop)
        /sbin/ipvsadm -C
        /sbin/ipvsadm -Z
        ifconfig eth0:0 down
        route del $WEB_VIP  >/dev/null 2>&1
        rm -rf /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm >/dev/null 2>&1
                /sbin/arping -I eth0 -c 5 -s $WEB_VIP $GW
        echo “ipvsadm stoped”
      ;;
 
status)
 
        if [ ! -e /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm ];then
                echo “ipvsadm is stoped”
                exit 1
        else
                ipvsadm -ln
                echo “……….ipvsadm is OK.”
        fi
      ;;
 
*)
        echo “Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}”
        exit 1
esac
 
exit 0
 
 
===============溫馨提示=================
上面配置中的”-p 600″的意思是會話保持時間為600秒，這個應(yīng)該和ldirectord.cf文件配置一致 (還有l(wèi)vs策略也要一致, 如這里的lwc)
 
授權(quán)腳本執(zhí)行權(quán)限
[root@ha-master ha.d]# chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm

4) realserver 節(jié)點配置

1) 在realserver節(jié)點上編寫LVS啟動腳本 (兩個realserver節(jié)點操作完全一致)
[root@rs-204 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/realserver
#!/bin/sh
VIP=172.16.60.111   
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
     
case “$1” in
# 禁用本地的ARP請求、綁定本地回環(huán)地址
start)
    /sbin/ifconfig lo down
    /sbin/ifconfig lo up
    echo “1” >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    echo “2” >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    echo “1” >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    echo “2” >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    /sbin/sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
    /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up 
    /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
    echo “LVS-DR real server starts successfully.n”
    ;;
stop)
    /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
    /sbin/route del $VIP >/dev/null 2>&1
    echo “1” >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    echo “2” >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    echo “1” >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    echo “2” >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo “LVS-DR real server stopped.n”
    ;;
status)
    isLoOn=`/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 | grep “$VIP”`
    isRoOn=`/bin/netstat -rn | grep “$VIP”`
    if [ “$isLoON” == “” -a “$isRoOn” == “” ]; then
        echo “LVS-DR real server has run yet.”
    else
        echo “LVS-DR real server is running.”
    fi
    exit 3
    ;;
*)
    echo “Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}”
    exit 1
esac
exit 0
 
 
啟動兩臺realserver節(jié)點的realserver腳本
[root@rs-204 ~]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/realserver
[root@rs-204 ~]# ll /etc/init.d/realserver
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1278 Dec 24 13:40 /etc/init.d/realserver
 
[root@rs-204 ~]# /etc/init.d/realserver start
LVS-DR real server starts successfully.n
 
設(shè)置開機啟動
[root@rs-204 ~]# echo “/etc/init.d/realserver” >> /etc/rc.local
 
查看, 發(fā)現(xiàn)兩臺realserver節(jié)點上的lo:0上已經(jīng)配置了vip地址
[root@rs-204 ~]# ifconfig
………..
lo:0      Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:172.16.60.111  Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
 
 
2) 接著部署兩臺realserver的web測試環(huán)境  (兩個realserver節(jié)點安裝操作一致)
采用yum方式安裝nginx (先安裝nginx的yum源)
[root@rs-204 ~]# rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
[root@rs-204 ~]# yum install nginx
 
realserver01的nginx配置
[root@rs-204 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@rs-204 conf.d]# cat default.conf
[root@rs-204 conf.d]# >/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@rs-204 conf.d]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
this is test page of realserver01:172.16.60.204
 
[root@rs-204 conf.d]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/lvs_testpage.html
Test HA Page
 
[root@rs-204 conf.d]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@rs-204 conf.d]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND  PID  USER  FD  TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx  31944  root    6u  IPv4  91208      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx  31945 nginx    6u  IPv4  91208      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
 
realserver02的nginx配置
[root@rs-205 src]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@rs-205 conf.d]# cat default.conf
[root@rs-205 conf.d]# >/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@rs-205 conf.d]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
this is test page of realserver02:172.16.60.205
 
[root@rs-205 conf.d]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/lvs_testpage.html
Test HA Page
 
[root@rs-205 conf.d]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@rs-205 conf.d]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND  PID  USER  FD  TYPE    DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx  20839  root    6u  IPv4 289527645      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx  20840 nginx    6u  IPv4 289527645      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
 
最后分別訪問realserver01和realserver02節(jié)點的nginx,:
訪問http://172.16.60.204/, 訪問結(jié)果為”this is test page of realserver01:172.16.60.204″
訪問http://172.16.60.204/lvs_testpage.html, 訪問結(jié)果為”Test HA Page”
 
訪問http://172.16.60.205/, 訪問結(jié)果為”this is test page of realserver02:172.16.60.205″
訪問http://172.16.60.205/lvs_testpage.html, 訪問結(jié)果為”Test HA Page”

5) 配置兩臺HA節(jié)點上轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到自身80端口的頁面內(nèi)容 (兩臺HA節(jié)點操作一致)

由于在ldirectord.cf文件中配置了”fallback=127.0.0.1:80 gate”, 即當(dāng)后端realserver都發(fā)生故障時, 客戶端的訪問請求將轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到LVS的HA節(jié)點自身的80端口上
 
[root@ha-master ~]# rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
[root@ha-master ~]# yum install nginx
 
realserver01的nginx配置
[root@ha-master ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@ha-master conf.d]# cat default.conf
[root@ha-master conf.d]# >/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@ha-master conf.d]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
Sorry, the access is in maintenance for the time being. Please wait a moment.
 
[root@ha-master conf.d]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@ha-master conf.d]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND  PID  USER  FD  TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx  31944  root    6u  IPv4  91208      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx  31945 nginx    6u  IPv4  91208      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
 
訪問http://172.16.60.206/  或者 http://172.16.60.207
訪問結(jié)果為”Sorry, the access is in maintenance for the time being. Please wait a moment.”

6) 啟動heartbeat服務(wù) (兩個HA節(jié)點都要操作)

啟動heartbeat服務(wù)的時候, 就會自帶啟動ipvsadm 和 ldirectord, 因為在/etc/ha.d/haresources文件里配置了!
需要知道的是: 只有當(dāng)前提供lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)服務(wù)(即擁有VIP資源)的一方 才能在啟動heartbeat的時候, 自帶啟動ipvsadm 和 ldirectord!
 
1) 先啟動HA主節(jié)點的heartbeat
[root@ha-master ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO:  Resource is stopped
Done.
 
[root@ha-master ~]# ps -ef|grep heartbeat
root    20886    1  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: master control process
root    20891 20886  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: FIFO reader       
root    20892 20886  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: write: bcast eth0 
root    20893 20886  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: read: bcast eth0 
root    20894 20886  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: write: ucast eth0 
root    20895 20886  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: read: ucast eth0 
root    20896 20886  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: write: ping_group group1
root    20897 20886  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: read: ping_group group1
root    20917 20886  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib64/heartbeat/ipfail
root    20938 17616  0 15:41 pts/0    00:00:00 grep heartbeat
 
heartbeat服務(wù)端口默認(rèn)是694.
[root@ha-master ~]# lsof -i:694
COMMAND    PID USER  FD  TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
heartbeat 20892 root    7u  IPv4  42238      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
heartbeat 20893 root    7u  IPv4  42238      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
heartbeat 20894 root    7u  IPv4  42244      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
heartbeat 20895 root    7u  IPv4  42244      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
 
發(fā)現(xiàn)ldirectord服務(wù)被自帶啟動了, 說明master節(jié)點是當(dāng)前提供lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)服務(wù)的一方
[root@ha-master ~]# ps -ef|grep ldirectord
root    21336    1  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/perl -w /usr/sbin/ldirectord start
root    21365 17616  0 15:42 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ldirectord
 
[root@ha-master ~]# /etc/init.d/ldirectord status
ldirectord for /etc/ha.d/ldirectord.cf is running with pid: 21336
 
查看master節(jié)點,發(fā)現(xiàn)master節(jié)點當(dāng)前占有vip資源  (首次啟動heartbeat服務(wù)后, 需要稍微等待一段時間, vip資源才會出來. 后續(xù)再重啟或切換時, vip資源就會迅速出現(xiàn)了)
[root@ha-master ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:ac:50:9b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.60.206/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global eth0
    inet 172.16.60.111/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global secondary eth0
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feac:509b/64 scope link
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 
master節(jié)點當(dāng)前提供了lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能, 可以查看到轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)效果
[root@ha-master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.16.60.111:80 wlc persistent 600
  -> 172.16.60.204:80            Route  1      0          0       
  -> 172.16.60.205:80            Route  1      0          0 
 
查看master節(jié)點的heartbeat日志
[root@ha-master ~]# tail -f /var/log/ha-log
ip-request-resp(default)[21041]:        2018/12/25_15:41:48 received ip-request-resp IPaddr::172.16.60.111 OK yes
ResourceManager(default)[21064]:        2018/12/25_15:41:48 info: Acquiring resource group: ha-master IPaddr::172.16.60.111 ipvsadm ldirectord
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21092]: 2018/12/25_15:41:48 INFO:  Resource is stopped
ResourceManager(default)[21064]:        2018/12/25_15:41:48 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 172.16.60.111 start
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21188]:    2018/12/25_15:41:48 INFO: Adding inet address 172.16.60.111/24 with broadcast address 172.16.60.255 to device eth0
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21188]:    2018/12/25_15:41:48 INFO: Bringing device eth0 up
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21188]:    2018/12/25_15:41:48 INFO: /usr/libexec/heartbeat/send_arp -i 200 -r 5 -p /var/run/resource-agents/send_arp-172.16.60.111 eth0 172.16.60.111 auto not_used not_used
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21174]: 2018/12/25_15:41:48 INFO:  Success
ResourceManager(default)[21064]:        2018/12/25_15:41:48 info: Running /etc/init.d/ipvsadm  start
ResourceManager(default)[21064]:        2018/12/25_15:41:48 info: Running /etc/init.d/ldirectord  start
 
2) 接著啟動HA備份節(jié)點的heartbeat
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO:  Resource is stopped
Done.
 
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# ps -ef|grep heartbeat
root    21703    1  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: master control process
root    21708 21703  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: FIFO reader       
root    21709 21703  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: write: bcast eth0 
root    21710 21703  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: read: bcast eth0 
root    21711 21703  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: write: ucast eth0 
root    21712 21703  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: read: ucast eth0 
root    21713 21703  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: write: ping_group group1
root    21714 21703  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: read: ping_group group1
root    21734 21703  0 15:41 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib64/heartbeat/ipfail
root    21769 19163  0 15:42 pts/0    00:00:00 grep heartbeat
 
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# lsof -i:694
COMMAND    PID USER  FD  TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
heartbeat 21709 root    7u  IPv4 105186      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
heartbeat 21710 root    7u  IPv4 105186      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
heartbeat 21711 root    7u  IPv4 105192      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
heartbeat 21712 root    7u  IPv4 105192      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
 
發(fā)現(xiàn)ldirectord服務(wù)沒有被heartbeat自帶啟動 (因為當(dāng)前備份節(jié)點沒有提供lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能, 即沒有接管vip資源)
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# /etc/init.d/ldirectord status
ldirectord is stopped for /etc/ha.d/ldirectord.cf
 
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# ps -ef|grep ldirectord     
root    21822 19163  0 15:55 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ldirectord
 
發(fā)現(xiàn)ipvsadm服務(wù)也沒有被heartbeat自帶啟動  (因為當(dāng)前備份節(jié)點沒有提供lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能, 即沒有接管vip資源)
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:ac:05:b5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.60.207/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feac:5b5/64 scope link
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
 
查看HA備份節(jié)點的heartbeat日志
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# tail -f /var/log/ha-log 
Dec 25 15:41:37 ha-slave heartbeat: [21734]: info: Starting “/usr/lib64/heartbeat/ipfail” as uid 0  gid 0 (pid 21734)
Dec 25 15:41:38 ha-slave heartbeat: [21703]: info: Status update for node ha-master: status active
harc(default)[21737]:  2018/12/25_15:41:38 info: Running /etc/ha.d//rc.d/status status
Dec 25 15:41:42 ha-slave ipfail: [21734]: info: Status update: Node ha-master now has status active
Dec 25 15:41:44 ha-slave ipfail: [21734]: info: Asking other side for ping node count.
Dec 25 15:41:47 ha-slave ipfail: [21734]: info: No giveup timer to abort.
Dec 25 15:41:48 ha-slave heartbeat: [21703]: info: remote resource transition completed.
Dec 25 15:41:48 ha-slave heartbeat: [21703]: info: remote resource transition completed.
Dec 25 15:41:48 ha-slave heartbeat: [21703]: info: Initial resource acquisition complete (T_RESOURCES(us))
Dec 25 15:41:48 ha-slave heartbeat: [21754]: info: No local resources [/usr/share/heartbeat/Resourc
 
訪問使用vip地址訪問, 即:
訪問http://172.16.60.111/, 結(jié)果為”this is test page of realserver01:172.16.60.204″ 或者 “this is test page of realserver02:172.16.60.205”
訪問http://172.16.60.111/lvs_testpage.html, 結(jié)果為”Test HA Page”
 
溫馨提示:
下面是兩個常用的ipvsadm 關(guān)于查看lvs狀態(tài)的命令
======================================
查看lvs的連接狀態(tài)命令
[root@ha-master ~]# ipvsadm  -l  –stats
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port              Conns  InPkts  OutPkts  InBytes OutBytes
  -> RemoteAddress:Port
TCP  172.16.60.111:http                0        0        0        0        0
  -> 172.16.60.204:http                0        0        0        0        0
  -> 172.16.60.205:http                0        0        0        0        0
 
說明：
Conns    (connections scheduled)  已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)過的連接數(shù)
InPkts  (incoming packets)      入包個數(shù)
OutPkts  (outgoing packets)      出包個數(shù)
InBytes  (incoming bytes)        入流量（字節(jié)） 
OutBytes (outgoing bytes)        出流量（字節(jié)）
 
======================================
查看lvs的速率
[root@ha-master ~]# ipvsadm  -l  –rate
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port                CPS    InPPS  OutPPS    InBPS  OutBPS
  -> RemoteAddress:Port
TCP  172.16.60.111:http                0        0        0        0        0
  -> 172.16.60.204:http                0        0        0        0        0
  -> 172.16.60.205:http                0        0        0        0        0
 
說明：
CPS      (current connection rate)  每秒連接數(shù)
InPPS    (current in packet rate)    每秒的入包個數(shù)
OutPPS  (current out packet rate)  每秒的出包個數(shù)
InBPS    (current in byte rate)      每秒入流量（字節(jié)）
OutBPS  (current out byte rate)    每秒入流量（字節(jié)）
 
======================================
上面的兩臺HA節(jié)點均只有一個網(wǎng)卡設(shè)備eth0,  如果有兩塊網(wǎng)卡, 比如還有一個eth1, 則可以將這個eth1作為heartbeat交叉線直連的設(shè)備,
即HA主備兩臺機器之間使用一根串口直連線纜eth1進(jìn)行連接.
比如:
HA主節(jié)點  172.16.60.206(eth0), 10.0.11.21(eth1, heartbeat交叉線直連)
HA備節(jié)點  172.16.60.207(eth0), 10.0.11.22(eth1, heartbeat交叉線直連)
 
這樣比起只有一個eth0, 只需要在ha.cf文件中多加下面一行 (其他的操作配置都不用變!)
ping_group group1 10.0.11.21 10.0.11.22      //多加這一行
ping_group group1 172.16.60.204 172.16.60.205

7) 故障轉(zhuǎn)移切換測試

1) 先關(guān)閉HA主節(jié)點的heartbeat
[root@ha-master ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop
Stopping High-Availability services: Done.
 
[root@ha-master ~]# ps -ef|grep heartbeat
root    21625 17616  0 16:03 pts/0    00:00:00 grep heartbeat
 
發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)閉heartbeat服務(wù)后, 主節(jié)點的ipvsadm 和 ldirectord都會被自帶關(guān)閉, VIP資源也被轉(zhuǎn)移走了, 即當(dāng)前master節(jié)點不提供lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)服務(wù)
[root@ha-master ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:ac:50:9b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.60.206/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feac:509b/64 scope link
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 
[root@ha-master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
 
[root@ha-master ~]# ps -ef|grep ldirectord
root    21630 17616  0 16:03 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ldirectord
 
查看此時HA主節(jié)點的heartbeat日志
[root@ha-master ~]# tail -1000 /var/log/ha-log
……..
Dec 25 16:02:38 ha-master heartbeat: [20886]: info: Heartbeat shutdown in progress. (20886)
Dec 25 16:02:38 ha-master heartbeat: [21454]: info: Giving up all HA resources.
ResourceManager(default)[21467]:        2018/12/25_16:02:38 info: Releasing resource group: ha-master IPaddr::172.16.60.111 ipvsadm ldirectord
ResourceManager(default)[21467]:        2018/12/25_16:02:38 info: Running /etc/init.d/ldirectord  stop
ResourceManager(default)[21467]:        2018/12/25_16:02:38 info: Running /etc/init.d/ipvsadm  stop
ResourceManager(default)[21467]:        2018/12/25_16:02:38 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 172.16.60.111 stop
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21563]:    2018/12/25_16:02:38 INFO: IP status = ok, IP_CIP=
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21549]: 2018/12/25_16:02:38 INFO:  Success
 
接著查看HA備份節(jié)點的情況, 發(fā)現(xiàn)VIP已將已經(jīng)切換到備份節(jié)點這邊了, 說明當(dāng)前備份節(jié)點提供lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)服務(wù), 則備份節(jié)點的ipvsadm 和 ldirectord也被自帶啟動了
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:ac:05:b5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.60.207/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global eth0
    inet 172.16.60.111/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global secondary eth0
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feac:5b5/64 scope link
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.16.60.111:80 wlc persistent 600
  -> 172.16.60.204:80            Route  1      0          0       
  -> 172.16.60.205:80            Route  1      0          0 
 
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# ps -ef|grep ldirectord
root    22203    1  0 16:02 ?        00:00:01 /usr/bin/perl -w /usr/sbin/ldirectord start
root    22261 19163  0 16:07 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ldirectord
 
查看此時HA備份節(jié)點的heartbeat日志
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# tail -1000 /var/log/ha-log
………..
harc(default)[21887]:  2018/12/25_16:02:39 info: Running /etc/ha.d//rc.d/status status
mach_down(default)[21904]:      2018/12/25_16:02:39 info: Taking over resource group IPaddr::172.16.60.111
ResourceManager(default)[21931]:        2018/12/25_16:02:39 info: Acquiring resource group: ha-master IPaddr::172.16.60.111 ipvsadm ldirectord
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21959]: 2018/12/25_16:02:39 INFO:  Resource is stopped
ResourceManager(default)[21931]:        2018/12/25_16:02:39 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 172.16.60.111 start
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[22055]:    2018/12/25_16:02:39 INFO: Adding inet address 172.16.60.111/24 with broadcast address 172.16.60.255 to device eth0
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[22055]:    2018/12/25_16:02:39 INFO: Bringing device eth0 up
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[22055]:    2018/12/25_16:02:39 INFO: /usr/libexec/heartbeat/send_arp -i 200 -r 5 -p /var/run/resource-agents/send_arp-172.16.60.111 eth0 172.16.60.111 auto not_used not_used
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[22041]: 2018/12/25_16:02:39 INFO:  Success
ResourceManager(default)[21931]:        2018/12/25_16:02:39 info: Running /etc/init.d/ipvsadm  start
ResourceManager(default)[21931]:        2018/12/25_16:02:39 info: Running /etc/init.d/ldirectord  start
mach_down(default)[21904]:      2018/12/25_16:02:39 info: /usr/share/heartbeat/mach_down: nice_failback: foreign resources acquired
mach_down(default)[21904]:      2018/12/25_16:02:39 info: mach_down takeover complete for node ha-master.
 
2) 然后在重新啟動HA主節(jié)點的heartbeat服務(wù)
由于在ha.cf文件中配置了”auto_failback on “參數(shù), 所以當(dāng)主節(jié)點恢復(fù)后, 會將VIP資源自動搶占回來并替換備份節(jié)點重新接管lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)服務(wù).
主節(jié)點的heartbeat恢復(fù)后, ipvsadm 和 ldirectord也會被重新啟動
 
[root@ha-master ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO:  Resource is stopped
Done.
 
[root@ha-master ~]# ps -ef|grep heartbeat
root    21778    1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: master control process
root    21783 21778  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: FIFO reader       
root    21784 21778  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: write: bcast eth0 
root    21785 21778  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: read: bcast eth0 
root    21786 21778  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: write: ucast eth0 
root    21787 21778  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: read: ucast eth0 
root    21788 21778  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: write: ping_group group1
root    21789 21778  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: read: ping_group group1
root    21809 21778  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib64/heartbeat/ipfail
root    21812 21778  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 heartbeat: master control process
root    21825 21812  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/share/heartbeat/ResourceManager takegroup IPaddr::172.16.60.111 ipvsadm ldirectord
root    21949 21935  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr start
root    21956 17616  0 16:12 pts/0    00:00:00 grep heartbeat
 
[root@ha-master ~]# lsof -i:694
COMMAND    PID USER  FD  TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
heartbeat 21784 root    7u  IPv4  46306      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
heartbeat 21785 root    7u  IPv4  46306      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
heartbeat 21786 root    7u  IPv4  46312      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
heartbeat 21787 root    7u  IPv4  46312      0t0  UDP *:ha-cluster
 
[root@ha-master ~]# ps -ef|grep ldirectord   
root    22099    1  1 16:12 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/perl -w /usr/sbin/ldirectord start
root    22130 17616  0 16:12 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ldirectord
 
[root@ha-master ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:ac:50:9b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.60.206/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global eth0
    inet 172.16.60.111/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global secondary eth0
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feac:509b/64 scope link
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 
[root@ha-master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.16.60.111:80 wlc persistent 600
  -> 172.16.60.204:80            Route  1      0          0       
  -> 172.16.60.205:80            Route  1      1          0
 
查看此時HA主節(jié)點的heartbeat日志
[root@ha-master ~]# tail -1000 /var/log/ha-log
……..
ResourceManager(default)[21825]:        2018/12/25_16:12:12 info: Acquiring resource group: ha-master IPaddr::172.16.60.111 ipvsadm ldirectord
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21853]: 2018/12/25_16:12:13 INFO:  Resource is stopped
ResourceManager(default)[21825]:        2018/12/25_16:12:13 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 172.16.60.111 start
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21949]:    2018/12/25_16:12:13 INFO: Adding inet address 172.16.60.111/24 with broadcast address 172.16.60.255 to device eth0
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21949]:    2018/12/25_16:12:13 INFO: Bringing device eth0 up
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21949]:    2018/12/25_16:12:13 INFO: /usr/libexec/heartbeat/send_arp -i 200 -r 5 -p /var/run/resource-agents/send_arp-172.16.60.111 eth0 172.16.60.111 auto not_used not_used
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[21935]: 2018/12/25_16:12:13 INFO:  Success
ResourceManager(default)[21825]:        2018/12/25_16:12:13 info: Running /etc/init.d/ipvsadm  start
ResourceManager(default)[21825]:        2018/12/25_16:12:13 info: Running /etc/init.d/ldirectord  start
 
再觀察此時HA備份節(jié)點的情況, 發(fā)現(xiàn)VIP資源在主節(jié)點的heartbeat恢復(fù)后就被主節(jié)點搶占回去了, 即此時備份節(jié)點沒有vip資源, 也就不提供lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)服務(wù)了,
則備份節(jié)點的ipvsadm 和 ldirectord服務(wù)也會被關(guān)閉
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:ac:05:b5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.60.207/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feac:5b5/64 scope link
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# ps -ef|grep ldirectord   
root    22516 19163  0 16:14 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ldirectord
 
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
 
查看此時HA備份節(jié)點的heartbeat日志
[root@ha-slave ha.d]# tail -1000 /var/log/ha-log
…….
ResourceManager(default)[22342]:        2018/12/25_16:12:12 info: Releasing resource group: ha-master IPaddr::172.16.60.111 ipvsadm ldirectord
ResourceManager(default)[22342]:        2018/12/25_16:12:12 info: Running /etc/init.d/ldirectord  stop
ResourceManager(default)[22342]:        2018/12/25_16:12:12 info: Running /etc/init.d/ipvsadm  stop
ResourceManager(default)[22342]:        2018/12/25_16:12:12 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 172.16.60.111 stop
IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[22438]:    2018/12/25_16:12:12 INFO: IP status = ok, IP_CIP=
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_172.16.60.111)[22424]: 2018/12/25_16:12:12 INFO:  Success
Dec 25 16:12:12 ha-slave heartbeat: [22329]: info: foreign HA resource release completed (standby).
 
在上面HA主備節(jié)點故障切換的過程中, 客戶端訪問http://172.16.60.111/都是不受影響的, 即對客戶端訪問來說是無感知的故障切換, 實現(xiàn)了lvs代理層的高可用!
 
3) 先后關(guān)閉兩臺realserver節(jié)點中的nginx, 然后觀察lvs的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)情況
[root@ha-master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln               
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.16.60.111:80 wlc persistent 600
  -> 172.16.60.204:80            Route  1      0          0       
  -> 172.16.60.205:80            Route  1      0          2 
 
先關(guān)閉rs-204的nginx服務(wù)
[root@rs-204 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx stop
Stopping nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@rs-204 ~]# lsof -i:80
[root@rs-204 ~]#
 
rs-205的nginx保留
[root@rs-205 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root      5211    1  0 15:45 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx    5212  5211  0 15:45 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process                 
root      5313  4852  0 16:19 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nginx
 
查看lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)情況
[root@ha-master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln               
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.16.60.111:80 wlc persistent 600
  -> 172.16.60.205:80            Route  1      0          2       
 
這時候訪問http://172.16.60.111, 結(jié)果是”this is test page of realserver02:172.16.60.205″
 
接著啟動rs-204的nginx, 關(guān)閉rs-205的nginx
[root@rs-204 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@rs-204 ~]# lsof -i:80           
COMMAND  PID  USER  FD  TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx  4883  root    6u  IPv4 143621      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx  4884 nginx    6u  IPv4 143621      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
 
關(guān)閉rs-205的nginx
[root@rs-205 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx stop
Stopping nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@rs-205 ~]# lsof -i:80
[root@rs-205 ~]#
 
查看lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)情況
[root@ha-master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.16.60.111:80 wlc persistent 600
  -> 172.16.60.204:80            Route  1      0          0 
 
這時候訪問http://172.16.60.111, 結(jié)果是”this is test page of realserver01:172.16.60.204″
 
然后把rs-204 和 rs-205兩個節(jié)點的nginx都關(guān)閉
[root@rs-204 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx stop
Stopping nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@rs-205 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx stop
Stopping nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
 
查看lvs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)情況
[root@ha-master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln               
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.16.60.111:80 wlc persistent 600
  -> 127.0.0.1:80                Local  1      0          0 
 
這時候訪問http://172.16.60.111, 結(jié)果是”Sorry, the access is in maintenance for the time being. Please wait a moment.”
 
上面可知, 在realserver節(jié)點發(fā)生故障后, 會從lvs集群中踢出來, 待realserver節(jié)點恢復(fù)后會再次重新加入到lvs集群中
這是因為在ldirectord.cf文件中配置了”quiescent=no “參數(shù) , 這樣就實現(xiàn)了代理節(jié)點的高可用!